Selective control of mite and collembolan pests of pastures and grain crops in Australia

Control of invertebrate pests in broad-acre agriculture largely relies on the application of broad-spectrum pesticides, however resistance problems and environmental concerns are driving a search for alternatives including more selective products. Here we explore the feasibility of using novel chemical groupings in the control of problematic pests that attack germinating pastures and grain crops in Australia. A modified laboratory bioassay is described for testing the response of several invertebrate pests to pesticides that have contact and systemic/translaminar properties. Two contact pesticides (fenitrothion and gamma-cyhalothrin) and three pesticides with strong systemic/translaminar properties (lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin and diafenthiuron) showed promise for control of the collembolan Sminthurus viridis and four mite pests (Halotydeus destructor, Balaustium medicagoense, Penthaleus falcatus and Bryobia sp.). No single pesticide emerged as the most efficacious against all these pests, highlighting the need for correct pest identification before making control recommendations. Incorporating these new chemical options into pest control programs may help to control emerging pests and counter pesticide resistance issues. Selective pesticides in particular are likely to be compatible with integrated control programs that promote the establishment and maintenance of beneficial natural enemies.     

Development of a bioacoustic sensor for the early detection of Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier)

The Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) is one of the worst pests for palms, since it can completely destroy the plant. Its early detection is very difficult and when the action of the pest is discovered, normally it is too late for recovering the plant. Bioacoustic sensors provide a good alternative for early detection of this pest because larvae activity is audible while they excavate tunnels to feed. This work describes the different stages for the development of an original electronic device based on acoustic sensors for early detection of Red Palm Weevil larvae in the interior of palms. This device is based on characteristic frequencies possibly related to their feeding activity. The performed tests have demonstrated that is possible to detect two week old larvae activity studying the sound intensity around 2250 Hz in palms infested only with 5 individuals under controlled environmental conditions. The activity of other insects artificially situated in the interior of palms did not affect the response of the device, possibly because they produce different frequencies (in the range 5–7 kHz). Future work will be aimed at assessing the infestation levels.     

高寒地区日光温室娃娃菜栽培技术

介绍了娃娃菜的播种育苗、苗期管理、定植、病虫害防治和采收技术。     

我国谷子害虫种类初步调查

通过对我国谷田不同生育期害虫的详细调查,初步明确了当前为害我国谷子的害虫有8个目30科58种。同时对各产区主要害虫种类及发生情况进行了总结,并对各产区主要虫害的防治对策进行了阐述。     

衡阳水稻病虫害特点及其与气象相关性研究

对衡阳水稻病虫害特点及其与气象相关性进行研究,结果表明,衡阳虫害发生面积是病害的近4倍,而病害的危害严重程度是虫害的2倍以上;虫害与病害所造成的减产损失分别为57.83%和42.17%;夏季强降水有利于病虫害的发生;随着气候变暖,低温天气对当地虫害越冬的抑制作用在减弱,而对迁徙性害虫的影响微乎其微;高温高湿天气有利于纹枯病的发生和蔓延,中、晚稻破口至抽穗期如遇高温干旱天气,则不利于稻曲病的发生。     

我国甜菜害虫防治研究进展及前景

综述了我国甜菜害虫化学和生物防治方法等研究进展,提出了今后研究发展方向。     

Open geospatial technology standards and their potential in plant pest risk management—GPS-enabled mobile phones utilising open geospatial technology standards Web Feature Service Transactions support the fighting of fire blight in Norway

The threat posed by invasive alien species to global crop production and biodiversity is recognized as one of the major drivers of global change today. Here we report on a successful implementation and operational use of new technology to support risk- and crisis management in the case of fighting an invasive plant disease. The open geospatial standards Web Feature Service Transaction (WFS-T) was implemented in software for GPS-enabled mobile phones communicating with a GeoServer backend in order to track down and eradicate disease outbreaks and susceptible host plants. This new technology offering georeferenced events online from field provides new possibilities for real time action in risk and crisis management.     

蔬菜抗虫性研究进展

对蔬菜抗虫机制、抗虫性遗传以及抗虫种质资源的鉴定等方面的研究成果与研究技术进行了综述,讨论了蔬菜抗虫性研究中存在的问题和研究前景。     

农用有机硅喷雾助剂在害虫化学防治中的应用

随着化学农药过量施用造成的污染逐年加大,农用有机硅喷雾助剂在农业领域化学防治中的应用在近年来得到更进一步的重视。简要介绍了农用有机硅助剂的发展概况,润湿性、展扩性和渗透性等三大优良性状,回顾了有机硅助剂在农业害虫防治领域的应用进展。最后,进一步强调了农用有机硅喷雾助剂在化学防治中节药省水的功效,并提出了需要注意和进一步研究明确的问题。     

8种检疫线虫传入黑龙江的风险评估

根据国际植物保护公约(International Plant Protection Convention,IPPC) 的国际植物检疫措施标准11(International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures 11, 2001, ISPM 11)并参考欧洲和地中海植物保护组织(European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization,EPPO)有害生物风险分析风险评估指导标准(EPPO Standard PM 5 /3 Guidelines on Pest Risk Analysis—Pest Risk Assessment Scheme),对马铃薯金线虫、马铃薯白线虫、相似穿孔线虫、鳞球茎茎线虫、甜菜胞囊线虫、水稻茎线虫、椰子红环腐线虫和松材线虫这8种检疫性线虫传入黑龙江省进行风险评估。风险评估表明,相似穿孔线虫传入黑龙江省具有高度风险,马铃薯金线虫、马铃薯白线虫、鳞球茎茎线虫、甜菜胞囊线虫、和松材线虫传入黑龙江省具有较高风险,水稻茎线虫风险较低、椰子红环腐线虫无风险。应该加强对风险较高的几种线虫的风险管理。